Social engineering attacks manipulate human psychology to deceive individuals into revealing sensitive information, performing unauthorized actions, or granting access to restricted systems. These attacks often bypass traditional security measures by exploiting trust and emotions.
1. Common Types of Social Engineering Attacks
A. Phishing
- Email-based phishing: Fraudulent emails that mimic legitimate sources to steal credentials or sensitive information.
- Spear phishing: Targeted phishing attacks against specific individuals or organizations.
- Whaling: Phishing attacks targeting high-profile executives or decision-makers.
- Smishing (SMS Phishing): Deceptive text messages that lure victims into clicking malicious links.
B. Pretexting
- Attackers create a false scenario or identity to manipulate victims into providing confidential information.
- Common scenarios: pretending to be IT support, law enforcement, or financial institutions.
C. Baiting
- Offering free items, downloads, or incentives to trick users into installing malware or revealing credentials.
- Example: Leaving an infected USB drive in a public area, hoping a curious employee will plug it in.
D. Quid Pro Quo
- An attacker offers a service or benefit in exchange for sensitive information.
- Example: Posing as a tech support agent offering help in exchange for login credentials.
E. Tailgating (or Piggybacking)
- Physically following an authorized individual into a restricted area.
- Common in environments with weak physical security controls.
F. Impersonation
- Pretending to be a trusted authority, colleague, or customer service representative to gain access to sensitive data or systems.
G. Watering Hole Attack
- Compromising a legitimate website frequently visited by the target group to infect visitors with malware.
2. Psychological Tactics Used in Social Engineering
- Authority: Impersonating someone with power or authority.
- Urgency: Creating pressure to act quickly (e.g., “Your account will be locked if you don’t respond immediately”).
- Fear: Threatening consequences (e.g., “Your data has been compromised”).
- Curiosity: Luring victims with enticing offers or content.
3. Preventive Measures
Employee security awareness training
Multi-factor authentication (MFA)
Email filtering and spam detection
Regular security audits and penetration testing
Strict access controls and physical security