Blockchain-powered smart cities
A smart city is an urban area that uses digital technology to enhance performance, well-being, and reduce costs & resource consumption across the city. A smart city is not just….
Tag: blockchain security
zk-SNARKs and zk-STARKs explained
As blockchain technology evolves, the need for scalability and privacy has become more apparent. Traditional blockchains like Ethereum and Bitcoin are transparent, meaning anyone can verify transactions. However, this transparency….
Ethical considerations in Blockchain projects
Blockchain technology, while praised for its decentralized nature, security, and transparency, also raises various ethical concerns that must be addressed to ensure that its widespread adoption benefits society as a….
Layer-0 protocols
Layer-0 protocols are an emerging concept in the world of blockchain technology. While traditional blockchain models, such as Layer-1 (e.g., Bitcoin, Ethereum) and Layer-2 (e.g., Rollups, State Channels), focus on….
Off-chain vs On-chain computation
In the world of blockchain technology, the terms on-chain and off-chain refer to where computations (i.e., operations and processes) take place in relation to the blockchain. Understanding the differences between….
Rollups: Optimistic Rollups vs ZK-Rollups
Rollups are a type of Layer 2 scaling solution for blockchains, primarily used to enhance the scalability of networks like Ethereum. They bundle or “roll up” a large number of….
Smart Contract vulnerabilities (Reentrancy, Integer Overflow)
Smart contracts are the backbone of decentralized applications, automating logic and value exchange on blockchain platforms like Ethereum. However, since these contracts manage real assets and are immutable once deployed,….
The role of miners and validators
Miners and validators play a central role in the functioning and security of blockchain networks. While they perform similar tasks in maintaining the ledger and achieving consensus, the methods and….
Blockchain node types (Full nodes, Light nodes)
In blockchain networks, nodes play a critical role in maintaining the distributed ledger. A node refers to a device (such as a computer or server) that is part of the….
Genesis block explained
The Genesis Block, also known as Block 0, is the first block in a blockchain and serves as the foundation upon which all subsequent blocks are built. This block is….