Inner and Nested Classes in Java
In Java, inner classes and nested classes are used to logically group classes and interfaces within a single unit. They help in encapsulation and can lead to more readable and….
Tag: Encapsulation
Java Packages and Access Modifiers
In Java, packages and access modifiers are fundamental concepts that help organize code and control access to classes, methods, and variables. Let’s break them down: 1. Packages A package in….
Closures and Nested Functions
1. What Are Nested Functions? A nested function is a function defined inside another function. It is useful for encapsulation and keeping helper functions hidden. Example: Nested Function def outer_function():….
Properties and Getters/Setters
In Python, getters and setters are used to control access to class attributes, ensuring encapsulation and data validation. Instead of accessing attributes directly, we use property methods to manage them….
Encapsulation and Abstraction in Python
Encapsulation and Abstraction are two fundamental principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) that help in hiding implementation details and protecting data. Encapsulation – Hides data by restricting direct access to class….
Classes and Objects in Python
Python is an object-oriented programming (OOP) language, meaning it allows developers to model real-world entities using classes and objects. Why Use Classes and Objects? Organizes code into reusable components Encourages….