In quantum science and engineering, hypothesis development plays a foundational role in exploring uncharted phenomena, validating theories, and engineering next-generation technologies. Given the inherently probabilistic and often non-intuitive nature of….
1. Introduction: The Intersection of Quantum and Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is a well-established field that deals with energy, heat, and work in macroscopic systems. On the other hand, quantum mechanics governs….
1. Introduction: What Is Entropy Production? In both classical and quantum physics, entropy production is a central concept in understanding irreversibility. While classical thermodynamics defines entropy as a measure of….
1. Classical Thermodynamics and the Second Law In classical thermodynamics, the Second Law says that entropy in an isolated system never decreases over time. It’s a rule that describes the….
1. Classical Foundations: Work and Heat Before diving into the quantum world, let’s revisit what work and heat mean in classical thermodynamics. In classical systems, work and heat are path-dependent….
Quantum control is the science of manipulating quantum systems—such as atoms, photons, or qubits—to reach specific desired outcomes. These might include performing logic gates for a quantum computer, stabilizing a….
Quantum systems are delicate. Unlike classical systems, they can exist in superpositions, entangle with other particles, and show interference patterns. But these beautiful quantum effects are easily disrupted by interactions….
