Quantum Interactive Proof Systems
Quantum Interactive Proof Systems (QIP) are a fascinating part of quantum computational complexity theory, exploring the limits of what can be proven (or verified) using quantum mechanics. To understand QIP,….
Tag: quantum complexity theory
Quantum Space Complexity
Just as classical computing has space complexity—the measure of how much memory a computer uses—quantum computing has its own notion of space complexity. This concept is crucial to understanding how….
QCMA (Quantum Classical Merlin-Arthur)
QCMA stands for Quantum Classical Merlin-Arthur. It’s a quantum complexity class that captures problems where: Think of it as the quantum cousin of NP (nondeterministic polynomial time), except that verification….
QIP (Quantum Interactive Polynomial Time)
QIP stands for Quantum Interactive Polynomial time. It is a quantum complexity class that describes problems solvable by a quantum verifier who interacts with a quantum prover over multiple rounds….
QMA (Quantum Merlin-Arthur)
QMA stands for Quantum Merlin-Arthur. It is a quantum complexity class, and it’s the quantum counterpart to the classical complexity class NP (specifically, to MA, which stands for Merlin-Arthur in….
Quantum Complexity Theory
1. What Is Complexity Theory? Before we jump into quantum-specific ideas, let’s understand what complexity theory is in general. Complexity theory is the field of computer science that studies: This….