Quantum Information in DNA Mutation
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1. Introduction: Classical View vs Quantum Curiosity At the heart of life lies DNA—a code built from four bases (A, T, G, and C) that carries genetic instructions. When DNA….
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1. Introduction: Classical View vs Quantum Curiosity At the heart of life lies DNA—a code built from four bases (A, T, G, and C) that carries genetic instructions. When DNA….
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1. Introduction: What Are Resource Theories? In quantum thermodynamics, resource theories offer a powerful and structured way to understand what can and cannot be done under physical constraints. They provide….
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1. Classical Background: Who is Maxwell’s Demon? In 1867, physicist James Clerk Maxwell proposed a thought experiment that became famous in thermodynamics and information theory. He imagined a tiny, intelligent….
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Entanglement is one of the most fascinating and non-intuitive features of quantum mechanics. It refers to a situation where two or more quantum systems become so deeply connected that the….
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In classical systems, comparing two pieces of data—like numbers or text—is straightforward. You can use simple distances like subtraction or Hamming distance. But in quantum systems, the objects we’re comparing….
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A quantum channel is a medium or method for transmitting quantum information—like qubits—from one place to another. You can think of it like a telephone line or internet cable, but….
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In the classical world, data compression is everywhere. From zip files to video streaming, compression helps us store and transmit more with less. The idea is simple—remove redundancy and represent….
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In classical communication, if you send a message—say a letter or a digital bit—the receiver gets the full message. If you send 1 bit, the receiver gets 1 bit of….
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Let’s begin with the basic idea of mutual information from classical information theory. It tells us how much knowing one variable tells us about another. For example, if you know….
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QSZK stands for Quantum Statistical Zero-Knowledge. It is a complexity class in quantum computing that represents decision problems where a quantum verifier can interact with a quantum prover in a….