Quantum Gibbs Sampling
1. Introduction In statistical mechanics, economics, and machine learning, we often want to understand how a system behaves under uncertainty — especially when it’s influenced by randomness, temperature, or energy…..
Tag: quantum thermodynamics
Quantum Coherence and Thermodynamics
1. Introduction: The Intersection of Quantum and Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is a well-established field that deals with energy, heat, and work in macroscopic systems. On the other hand, quantum mechanics governs….
Resource Theories in Quantum Thermodynamics
1. Introduction: What Are Resource Theories? In quantum thermodynamics, resource theories offer a powerful and structured way to understand what can and cannot be done under physical constraints. They provide….
Quantum Refrigeration
1. Introduction: What is Quantum Refrigeration? At first glance, “quantum refrigeration” might sound like a futuristic idea. But in reality, it’s a powerful and emerging concept in the field of….
Entropy Production in Quantum Systems
1. Introduction: What Is Entropy Production? In both classical and quantum physics, entropy production is a central concept in understanding irreversibility. While classical thermodynamics defines entropy as a measure of….
Quantum Statistical Mechanics
1. Introduction: Bridging Quantum Mechanics and Thermodynamics Quantum Statistical Mechanics is the branch of physics that merges quantum mechanics with statistical methods to describe systems containing a large number of….
Thermodynamic Cost of Quantum Operations
1. Introduction: Energy and Information in Quantum Physics In classical thermodynamics, every physical operation—like lifting a weight or heating a cup of coffee—requires energy. Quantum physics extends this idea to….
Quantum Maxwell’s Demon
1. Classical Background: Who is Maxwell’s Demon? In 1867, physicist James Clerk Maxwell proposed a thought experiment that became famous in thermodynamics and information theory. He imagined a tiny, intelligent….
Fluctuation Theorems in Quantum Systems
1. Classical Thermodynamics and the Second Law In classical thermodynamics, the Second Law says that entropy in an isolated system never decreases over time. It’s a rule that describes the….
Quantum Work and Heat Definitions
1. Classical Foundations: Work and Heat Before diving into the quantum world, let’s revisit what work and heat mean in classical thermodynamics. In classical systems, work and heat are path-dependent….